Diabetes The Common Metabolic Disorder - 1298 Words

Diabetes Diabetes is defined as a serious disease in which the body cannot properly control the amount of sugar in your blood because it does not have enough insulin. (Merriam-Webster, 2016) It is the most common metabolic disorder out of various lifestyle diseases, and it is associated with many complications. The condition forms because of peculiarities in metabolism of carbohydrates and insulin integration. Diabetes is a chronic health disease, as it affects millions of Americans and increases risk for developing disease-related complications such as cardiovascular disease, blindness, neuropathy, stroke, renal failure, amputation, and more. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, also called diabetes mellitus, and type 2†¦show more content†¦(Levy, 2013) Type 1 diabetes always requires insulin therapy, and will not respond to insulin-stimulating oral drugs. (Mandal, 2009) Diabetes type 2, formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the cells in your child’s body don’t respond to the insulin, and glucose builds up in the child’s bloodstream. This is called insulin resistance. (OMICS International, â€Å"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism†, 2016) In type 2 diabetes, the body either produces inadequate amounts of insulin to meet the demands of the body or insulin resistance has developed. Insulin resistance refers to when cells of the body such as the muscle, liver and fat cells fail to respond to insulin, even when levels are high. In fat cells, triglycerides are instead broken down to produce free fatty acids for energy; muscle cells are deprived of an energy source and liver cells fail to build up glycogen stores. Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Etiology Autoimmune Peripheral insulin resistance Formerly known as IDDM NIDDM or â€Å"adult onset† diabetes Age of onset Younger Older Obesity Rare Common Family History Rare Common HLA association/Genetic association Yes No Ketosis Yes No Insulin resistance No Yes Presence of body’s own insulin No Yes Respond to Oral Agents No Yes This also leads to an overall rise in